The Critical Role of an HOA Board of Directors (BOD)
The homeowners’ association (HOA) board of directors is an essential and legally required component of every HOA community. Composed of elected volunteers from the association, the board is responsible for the smooth operation and long-term success of the community. Below, we outline the structure, responsibilities, and key functions of an HOA board.
What Is the HOA Board of Directors?
An HOA board serves as the governing body of the community, acting on behalf of homeowners to uphold association standards, manage finances, and maintain shared spaces. Board members are elected by homeowners and serve as stewards of the community’s well-being.
How Many Members Serve on an HOA Board?
The number of board members is determined by the HOA’s governing documents—such as its bylaws or articles of incorporation. Additionally, some states impose specific legal requirements regarding board composition. Most HOA boards consist of three to five members, though larger communities may have up to nine.
How Long Do HOA Board Members Serve?
The length of a board member’s term varies based on the HOA’s governing documents and applicable state laws. Terms commonly range from one to four years, ensuring continuity and leadership stability.
How Are HOA Board Members Selected?
Board members are elected through a structured nomination and voting process outlined in the HOA’s governing documents. Ideal candidates are those committed to maintaining and enhancing the community’s quality of life.
Are HOA Board Members Compensated?
In nearly all cases, board members serve on a volunteer basis. State laws and governing documents typically prohibit any form of compensation, including gifts or incentives, reinforcing the board’s commitment to serving the community without personal gain.
HOA Board Member Roles
An HOA board functions as a collective leadership team, with specific officer roles assigned to facilitate governance. These roles typically include:
President
The board president functions as the executive leader, overseeing operations and representing the HOA in official matters.
Key Responsibilities:
Preside over the board meetings and set agendas
Serve as the primary point of contact for management partners
Conduct board votes and announce outcomes
Sign official association documents
Vice President
The vice president supports the president and assumes leadership duties when necessary.
Key Responsibilities:
Act as interim president when required
Oversee designated committees
Assist in board meetings and administrative tasks
Secretary
The secretary is responsible for maintaining accurate records and ensuring transparency in board operations.
Key Responsibilities:
Maintain official association records
Issue meeting notices
Record and distribute meeting minutes
Ensure document accessibility for homeowners
Treasurer
The treasurer manages the HOA’s financial health, often working closely with accountants or financial professionals.
Key Responsibilities:
Oversee the HOA’s financial records and budget
Manage billing, collections, and reserve funds
Ensure timely payment of invoices and vendor contracts
Coordinate financial audits and reserve studies
Core Responsibilities of an HOA Board
While specific duties vary based on the governing documents, the board’s primary responsibilities fall into three categories:
1. Enforcing Community Rules
HOA boards ensure all homeowners comply with association rules and regulations designed to protect property values and community standards. Enforcement must be consistent and impartial.
2. Financial Management
As stewards of the community’s budget, board members oversee financial operations, review reports, manage expenses, and ensure compliance with legal and regulatory requirements.
3. Maintenance and Infrastructure Oversight
The board is responsible for maintaining and improving common areas, partnering with vendors, funding reserves, and conducting inspections to preserve the community’s safety and appeal.
How Does an HOA Board Operate?
To fulfill its duties effectively, an HOA board must:
Understand and uphold the association’s governing documents
Comply with applicable state and local laws
Form committees to support key initiatives
Communicate regularly with residents
Conduct fair elections and transparent voting procedures
Provide homeowners with access to important documents and updates
Encourage homeowner engagement and feedback
HOA Board Code of Ethics
Most HOAs establish a code of ethics that outlines expectations for board conduct. This ensures board members act with integrity, avoid conflicts of interest, and uphold their fiduciary duties to the community.
By adhering to their responsibilities and ethical guidelines, an HOA board fosters a well-managed, financially stable, and thriving community.
